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O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana de extratos de folhas de Xanthium strumarium L. Portanto, somente as folhas de Xanthium strumarium na fase adulta podem ser utilizadas para o uso medicinal. Kunth Y Psidium guajava L. Kunth y Psidium guajava L. El eugenol fue el principal componente de P. Se hace referencia a los efectos indeseables de los antimicrobianos en cada enfermedad tratada. We carried out a research study based on the bibliography review and updating of the use of antibiotics in the most frequent dental diseases requiring the use of such drugs in our country.

We grouped diseases by the affected site in the cranial-cervical-facial system. The concept of noxa and some references on its ethiopathogenesis, selection of microbial treatment, and alternative drugs, doses, ways of administration and duration of treatment are present. Reference is made to unwanted effects of antibiotics in each treated disease. The annexes comprise the microbiological composition of mouth flora and the present classification of available antibiotics worldwide by their biochemical structure. The reviewed bibliography for each analyzed disease is added. We present this final report in a manual format so as to facilitate the use of this document as a reference for medical personnel which requires so.

Preliminary evaluation of Sida rhombifolia L. Several studies have evaluated the therapeutic benefits of plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts of pepper tree Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, aroeira Astronium urundeuva [Fr. The agar diffusion test was performed and 0. Subsequently, the microbial suspensions were seeded on Petri dishes. Atividade antimicrobiana in vitro de produtos vegetais em otite externa aguda In vitro antimicrobial activity of plants in Acute Otitis Externa. Acute Otitis Externa is an inflammation of the outer auditory meatus, and according to popular saying, medicinal plant extracts can be used in its treatment.

Aleolanthus suaveolens; Caryophyllus aromaticus; Cymbopogon citratus; Matricaria chamomila; Pithecellobium avaremotemo; Plectranthus amboinicus and Ruta graveolens on the germs that cause otitis externa. Full Text Available The antimicrobial activity of Curcuma zedoaria Christm Roscoe extract against some oral microorganisms was compared with the antimicrobial activity of five commercial mouthrinses in order to evaluate the potential of the plant extract to be incorporated into formulas for improving or creating antiseptic activity.

The in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of plant extracts and commercial products were evaluated against Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans using a linear regression method to evaluate the microbial reduction obtained in function of the exposure time, considering as effectiveness a The results showed that the antimicrobial efficacy of Curcuma zedoaria Christm Roscoe extract was similar to that of commercial products, and its incorporation into a mouthrinse could be an alternative for improving the antimicrobial efficacy of the oral product.

The discussed issue about replacing the use of antibiotics in animal feed growth promoters requires emerging alternatives. To meet the needs of microbial inhibitors in these foods, the essentials oils EOS constitute potential alternatives under evaluation. In this study it was evaluated the antimicrobial activities of EOs from Oreganum vulgare oregano, Thymus vulgaris thyme, Lippia graveolens Mexican oregano, Cinnamomum zeylanicum cinnamon, Zingiber officinale ginger, Salvia officinalis sage, Rosmarinus officinalis rosemary and Ocimum basilicum basil against Escherichia coli strains isolated from poultry n.

Linaloolifera fujita Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of ho-sho Cinnamomum camphora Ness e Eberm Var. Linaloolifera fujita essential oil. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the Ho-Sho essential oil. The essential oil showed antimicrobial activity for all tested microorganisms, except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Higher antimicrobial activities over the tested bacterium were observed for Xanthomonas campestris For the minimal inhibition concentration MIC, it was observed that all microorganisms presented susceptibility to the Ho. Ocimum basilicum apresentou maior atividade antibacteriana frente E.

Full Text Available This study evaluated in vitro the antimicrobial activity of irreversible hydrocolloids one containing an antimicrobial agent prepared with water or with a 0.

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Jeltrate mixed with water; 2. Jeltrate mixed with 0. Greengel mixed with water; 4. Greengel mixed with 0. After incubation in aerobiosis or microaerophilia, inhibition of the microbial growth was measured and the results were interpreted. Analizar del al los datos de la vigilancia de los serotipos y sensibilidad antimicrobiana de los aislamientos invasivos de Haemophilus influenzae H. Todos los aislamientos fueron sensibles a cefuroxima y a rifampicina.

Full Text Available This study was conducted to compare different liquid culture media for Paenibacillus larvae growth in order to find the best one to be used in studies on activity of antimicrobial substances, such as essential oils. Growth in liquid media was evaluated using Paenibacillus larvae strains isolated from hives located in different geographical zones. The MYT medium Mueller-Hinton broth, yeast extract and thiamine was selected out of the eight liquid media analyzed, as it proved to be the most adequate due to its higher absorbance at nm.

The following mean values were obtained from the four P. Los valores obtenidos en promedio para los cuatro aislamientos de P. Utilizou-se cepas de Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus. The antimicrobial activity of some essencial oils was evaluated as follows: Origanum vulgare oregano, Thymus vulgaris thyme, Lippia graveolens Mexican oregano, Zingiber officinale ginger, Salvia officinalis sage, Rosmarinus officinalis rosemary and Ocimum basilicum basil, as well as the majority constituents carvacrol, thymol, cinnamaldehyde and cineole against 33 Staphylococcus spp isolates from herds of dairy goats.

The minimum inhibitory concentration MIC and the minimum bactericidal concentration MBC were determined for each isolate by using broth microdilution method. Antimicrobial activity observed on the essencial oils of oregano, mexican oregano, thymus, well as to majoritary constituents of carvacrol, thymol and cinnamaldehyde. The majority constituents carvacrol, thymol, cinnamaldehyde presented themselves more active than the verified by the essencial oils.

Chemical characterization and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of salvia L. Full Text Available In this work, the essential oils of S. The following major compounds were identified in the essential oils: As cepas de E. Algumas cepas de E. Antimicrobial activity of surfactants produced by Bacillus subtilis R14 against multidrug-resistant bacteria Atividade antimicrobiana de surfactantes produzidos por Bacillus subtilis R14 frente a bacterias multidroga-resistentes.

Full Text Available Lipopeptides represent a class of microbial surfactants with increasing scientific, therapeutic and biotechnological interests. The genus Bacillus is a producer of these active compounds, and among them B. These compounds can act as antibiotics, antivirals, antitumorals, immunomodulators and enzyme inhibitors. In this work, the antimicrobial activity of biosurfactants obtained by cultivation of B. A crude surfactant concentration of 2. A preliminary characterization suggested that two surfactants were produced. The evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of these compounds was carried out against 29 bacteria.

Enterococcus faecalis 11 strains, Staphylococcus aureus 6 strains and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7 strains and Escherichia coli CI 18 1 strain displayed a profile of well defined drug resistance. All strains were sensitive to the surfactants, in particular Enterococcus faecalis. The results demonstrated that lipopeptides have a broad spectrum of action, including antimicrobial activity against microorganisms with multidrug-resistant profiles.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a atividade antimicrobiana de biossurfactantes, obtidos pelo cultivo de B. Laundron Antimicrobian activity of phenols actives from the liquen Ramalina sorediosa B. The antimicrobian activity of crude extracts from Ramalina sorediosa was detected by the diffusion disc-paper method. Two phenolic compounds from the lichen considered active were detected by using biochromathograhyc technique. Two of those compounds were identified through thin layer chromatographic technique TLC as been usnic acid and the second one, wich is present in higher concentration when compared with the other substances, was the homosekikaik acid.

The obtained data make it possible to attribute the antibiotic activity of this species to a synergic association of those two substances. Celulitis in Japanese Quails coturnix coturnix japonica for Eschorichia coli: Full Text Available Ten E. The majority of E. Dez cepas de E. A maioria das amostras de E. A patogenicidade das amostras de E. These oils were screened for antibacterial and anti-Candida albicans activity using bioautographic method. Subsequently, minimal inhibitory concentration from oils was determined by microdilution method.

Most essential oil studied were effective against Enterococcus faecium and Salmonella cholerasuis. Aloysia triphylla and O. Las bacterias aisladas fueron: Haemophilus aphrophilus, Staphylococcus aureus, S. The antimicrobial activity of honey produced by Melipona asilvai, Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides, Friseomelita doederleinei, Tetragonisca angustula and Plebeia sp. The agar well diffusion assay demonstrated that all honeys had antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, but only the samples from M.

In the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration determination assay, M. The microorganisms Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans were resistant to the all native stingless bee honeys in both assays. Honeys were more effective against bacteria than a sugar solution, suggesting that the mechanism for bacterial growth inhibition. Se analizaron los datos de 2. Full Text Available The purpose of this study was to evaluate bacterial survival rate on toothbrushes after brushing and the efficacy of their decontamination by spraying antimicrobial solutions. Thirty subjects were instructed to spray the solutions on toothbrush bristles after brushing.

Each volunteer tested three sprays, one solution per week; the sprays were labeled spray 1 cetylpyridinium chloride - CPC - and basic formulation, 2 basic formulation only and 3 control - sterile tap water. Anaerobic bacteria, evaluated by colony count of black pigment producing organisms on Ask medium, were recovered from There was a significant decrease in toothbrush contamination with antimicrobial sprays 1 and 2, the first showing the greatest decrease on bacterial counts. Os grupos 2, 3 e 4 foram colados com um sistema adesivo associado a um verniz de clorexidina e timol.

To assess the antimicrobial activity resulting from the association of an orthodontic adhesive with chlorhexidine-thymol varnish. Thirty-two extracted human premolars were used, divided into four groups. In Group 1, the control group, the adhesive used to bond the bracket was not associated with any antimicrobial agent.

Groups 2, 3 and 4 were bonded with an adhesive system associated with chlorhexidine-thymol varnish. The experimental groups, with the exception of the control group, showed antimicrobial activity whose action tended to decline commensurately with the amount of time that they remained immersed in water.

The association of chlorhexidine-thymol varnish with an adhesive system used in. Full Text Available The antimicrobial activity of four different dental gel formulas was evaluated on three microorganisms associated with cariogenesis: Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei and Actinomyces viscosus. The preliminary antimicrobial activity evaluation was performed using an agar diffusion method. In addition, the formulas were challenged using each microorganism with subsequent determinations of survivors at time intervals of 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes.

The selected method for survivor enumeration was validated according to official compendia. Results revealed intense bactericidal activity, even at 1: The data concerning A. The obtained D-values were 0. After comparing the obtained results, formula 1 can be considered to have the highest bactericidal activity. Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei e Actinomyces viscosus.

Os resultados revelaram intensa atividade antimicrobiana. The extracts were shown to be effective in inhibiting the growth of bacteria of the oral biofilm and fungi of oral candidiasis, thus suggesting that these extracts can be used as alternative means of dental therapy.

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The biosurfactant was found to be an anti-adhesive agent against several bacterial strains, and also showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. The biosurfactant induced a significant reduction in tumor cells viability in a dose- dependent manner. Brown e Ocimum basilicum frente a microrganismos isolados de carnes bovinas. Se obtuvo la diferencia porcentual incremento o decremento comparando la frecuencia de resistencia al inicio y al final del estudio. Se detectaron 2 cultivos positivos. Se recuperaron Gram negativos en Escherichia coli fue el principal germen identificado La sensibilidad de ciprofloxacina para E.

No se encontraron cepas de enterococo resistente a vancomicina. Todas las cepas de S. To describe the patterns of antimicrobial resistance organisms isolated in blood cultures from patients detected in a tertiary level of care, teaching. Staphylococcus aureus coloniza mucosas y piel, y causa graves infecciones en el hombre y los animales. Todos los aislamientos con el genotipo sea-tsst-1 t fueron resistentes y productores de las toxinas. Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the principal causal agents of acute respiratory infection ARI in children, and its resistance to antibiotics has increased worldwide.

This study examined the patterns of susceptibility to antibiotics of S. Full Text Available Objetivos: O presente estudo investigou a atividade antimicrobiana do extrato obtido das folhas de Jatropha curcas L. Em cada placa foi realizado um controle positivo e negativo. O extrato bruto de Jatropha curcas L. This study investigated the antimicrobial activity of the extract obtained from the leaves of Jatropha curcas L.

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The microdilution test was made in plates of 96 wells. Essential oil of Lithraea molleoides Vell.: Full Text Available Lithraea molleoides Vell. It is popularly used in the form of alcoholic extracts, decoctions and infusions for the treatment of cough, bronchitis, arthritis, diseases of the digestive system and as diuretic, tranquilizer, haemostatic and tonic agent. The objectives of this study were the extraction of the essential oil of the mature fruit, leaves and aerial parts of the plant and quantification of the yield thereof; the identification and quantification of the principal components of the essential oil and the determination of its antimicrobial activity against bacteria and yeast.

The essential oil yield of the mature fruits was 1. The gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer GC-MS analysis of the essential oil of the mature fruits detected the presence of limonene The essential oil was active against just a few of the Gram-positive bacteria and yeast tested and did not present antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria.

Full Text Available Due to the importance of biofilms in the food industry, new products are being developed to enhance the efficiency of cleaning food-contact surfaces. Biosurfactants could be an alternative to synthetic products. The major advantages of biosurfactants over synthetic detergents are their low toxicity and highly biodegradable nature.

Biosurfactants may also exhibit antimicrobial, anti-adhesive and anticorrosive activity concomitantly. In this review, we emphasize the potential application of biosurfactants as surface coating agents to prevent corrosion and decrease planktonic and sessile microbial growth. Interference of heating on the antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of Origanum vulgare L. Full Text Available Origanum vulgare L. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interference of heating on the antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of O.

The essential oil chemical composition analysis was performed by GC-MS. Full Text Available Several studies have shown the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of turmeric Curcuma longa, widely used in food industry as a colorant, among other functions. The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of turmeric essential oil against pathogenic bacteria and to study the influence of the addition of ascorbic acid on the prevention of polyphenols oxidation.

The commercial turmeric essential oil alone did not show bactericidal activity against the microorganisms studied, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium, but when combined with ascorbic acid, it showed significant antibacterial activity. The highest antimicrobial activity of turmeric essential oil against Salmonella typhimurium was With regard to Listeria monocytogenes, the largest zone of inhibition Penicillin susceptibility was determined by oxacillin 1 mcg disk screening test and the minimal inhibitory concentration by the E-test.

The risk factors analyzed indicated that the colonization was more prevalent in children attending day-care centers, children with siblings younger than 5 years, and children with recent use of antimicrobial agents. All strains were intermediately resistant 0. The total acute toxicity and the antimicrobial activity of an oil mixtures from shark liver of Rhicodon typu whale-shark and Galeocerdo cuvier tigger-shark was assessed in species leaving in the adjacent costs of Cuban northern coastal for its subsequent pharmaceutical use due to its high content of vitamins and fatty acids and its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

Study results of antimicrobial activity showed a slight bacteriostatic activity against K. To assess and compare the in vitro susceptibility of ocular bacterial isolates to fluoroquinolones, including moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin. A total of bacterial ocular isolates from keratitis and conjunctivitis were tested for sensitivity to the studied antibiotics, using the disk diffusion method.

Of the 51 corneal isolates, 46 All corneal isolates were sensitive to moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin. Of the bacterial conjunctival isolates, Two strains of Streptococcus sp viridans group were resistant to gatifloxacin. A total of 82 Fourth generation fluoroquinolones, herein exemplified by moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin, seem to be more effective than previous generation fluoroquinolones against frequently encountered organisms isolated from patients with bacterial keratitis and conjunctivitis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalency of Enterococcus spp, isolated from different clinical materials. From the 58 strains, All strains were sensible to nitrofurantoin and vancomycin, The presence of Van A e Van B gene was not detected. Para analisar o perfil de sensibilidade de E. To describe the prevalence of the most frequent etiological agents of community acquired urinary tract infection in children under the age of 15 years, as well as to analyse. This research desenvolved in Rio Grande do Norte Federal University, Department of Dentistry purpose evaluation "in vitro" Ca OH2 and tergentol solutions action in oral cavity that first reside in and cariogenic microorganisms for dental biofilm chemical control increasing.

After collection and identification of the species, plant leaves and pequi peel were separated to prepare the EAPs. The EAPs underwent phytochemical screening. The antimicrobial activity of the EAPs at different dilutions , No estudo da atividade antimicrobiana de S. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of the essential oil and the antimicrobial activity of essential oil, crude ethanol extract and fractions of S. The informal leaders engaged in interpretation and brokering of information and knowledge, as well as in mediating strategic values and priorities on both formal and informal arenas.

Drawing on existing theory of leadership in creative and professional contexts, this cooperation can be specified to concern task structuring. The informal leaders in our study Full Text Available The present study was carried out to evaluate the occurrence of Salmonellae in raw broiler parts and to determine the antimicrobial resistance profile of the isolated strains.

Salmonella Enteritidis was the most prevalent serovar. Among Salmonella Enteritidis isolates, Enteritidis isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, two were resistant only to tetracycline. The results also emphasize the need for the responsible use of antimicrobials in animal production.

Salmonella Enteritidis foi o sorovar prevalente. Full Text Available A wide variety of opportunistic pathogens has been detected in the tubing supplying water to odontological equipment, in special in the biofilm lining of these tubes. Among these pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections, is frequently found in water lines supplying dental units. Susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, followed by meropenem was the predominant profile.

The need for effective means of reducing the microbial burden within dental unit water lines is emphasized, and the risk of exposure and cross-infection in dental practice, in special when caused by opportunistic pathogens like P. Setenta e seis cepas de P. As principais suscetibilidades observadas foram para a. To evaluate the efficacy of disinfecting solutions in hydrophilic contact lenses CL. Two multi-use solutions denominated solution A 0.

The manufacture's instructions were followed. The solutions decreased the amount of microorganisms tested. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was screened against 12 important food-related bacterial strains by agar disc-diffusion assay. MIC and MBC were determined for the essential oils that presented the highest activity in the agar disc-diffusion test. The most active essential oils against the tested bacteria were, in descending order, lemongrass Cymbopogon flexuosus, basil Ocimum basilicum, oregano Origanum vulgare, cinnamon leaf Cinnamomum zeylanicum, and laurel Laurus nobilis.

Typhimurium, the tested bateria were inhibited at MIC values lower or equal to 0. Full Text Available The article analyzes information space, information field and information environment; shows that information space can be natural and artificial; information field is substantive and processual object and articulates the space property; information environment is concerned with some object and acts as the surrounding in relation to it and is considered with regard to it.

It enables to define information environment as a subset of information space. It defines its passive description. Information environment can also be defined as a subset of information field. It corresponds to its active description. Primary Flight Display PFD information management and cockpit display of information management research is presented in viewgraph form. The information management problem in the cockpit, information management burdens, the key characteristics of an information manager, the interface management system handling the flow of information and the dialogs between the system and the pilot, and overall system architecture are covered.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and synergic activity of 4 leaf fractions of Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl F1', F2', F1" and F2" against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. The used methods were agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration MIC - agar dilution, and bioautography. The bioautographic results showed three inhibition zones that corresponded to at least four active compounds, two of which methyl gallate and gallic acid have already been isolated from leaves. Evaluation of antimicrobial, antioxidant and phototoxic activities of extracts and isolated compounds from Stachytarpheta cayennensis Rich.

Staphylococcus aureus has a notable ability to acquire resistance to antibiotics, and methicillin resistance represents a growing public health problem. In Brazil, since , cases of community skin infections caused by MRSA have been reported, but resistance studies involving outpatients are scarce. To know the resistance profile of S.

Prospective study involving 30 patients with skin and soft tissue infections, seen at the Dermatology outpatient clinic from May until November To evaluate the susceptibility of S. The following resistance patterns of S. One of the identified MRSA was obtained from a patient without risk factors for its acquisition, and was resistant, beyond to the beta-lactams, only to tetracycline. With regard to the resistance patterns of S. It was documented, for the first time in Pernambuco, a case of skin infection caused by community-associated MRSA. Full Text Available Natural preservative substances are an efficient and economic alternative, because the aromatical plants and rich spices in essential oils characterized by a notable are gotten from antimicrobial activity, and for this reason, its derived products can be used to delay or to inhibit the growth of microorganisms.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of essential oils of clove, limon, oregano Origanum vulgare ssp. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella cholerasuis, through diffusion test and after it was determinate the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration MIC. In this study it was observed that the garlic essential oil presented antibacterial activity front the S. Hirtum had presented activity front to all the analyzed bacteria, however the oregano oil presented the bigger bacterial inhibition, The essential oil of lemon did not demonstrate antibacterial activity.

In such a way the oregano and clove essential oils that they had presented antibacterial activity appeared to be the most preferable agent for future research. Essential oils from oregano Origanum vulgare, thyme Thymus vulgaris and cinnamom Cinnamomum zeylanicum were tested for their inhibitory activity against sixty Salmonella sp. These microorganisms were distributed in 20 serovars, all of them isolated from broiler chickens.

Based on microdilution technique, the minimal inhibitory concentration MIC and minimal bactericidal concentration MBC were determined. The strongest antibacterial activity was obtained for oregano. Full Text Available Rot and damage caused by post-harvest phytopathogenic fungi affect fruit quality.

Essential oils EO are considered as an alternative to fungicides. Postharvest diseases of fruits may also be controlled by the bagging approach and the use of antimicrobial packaging. Based on the beneficial properties of EO and the concepts of bagging and antimicrobial packaging, this study aimed to develop sachets containing EO to be used as part of an antimicrobial packaging system.

The activities of oregano, cinnamon and lemon grass EO were evaluated testing the sachets in vitro against the phytopathogenic fungi Alternaria alternata, Fusarium semitectum, Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Rhizopus stolonifer. The effects of the sachets on the microbiological and physicochemical parameters of post-harvest papaya were also evaluated. Both pure and sachet-incorporated EO showed antifungal activity in vitro against all tested fungi. For papaya, sachets containing cinnamon, oregano and lemon grass showed a significant reduction in the growth of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, yeasts and mould, with the cinnamon sachet causing the greatest reduction in microorganisms at the end of the storage time.

A atividade dos OE de. Information Crisis discusses the scope and types of information available online and teaches readers how to critically assess it and analyze potentially dangerous information , especially when teachers, editors, or other information gatekeepers are not available to assess the information for them. Chapters and topics include:. The Internet as an information tool. Legal issues, traps, and tricks. Protecting personal safety and identity.

Types of online information. Antimicrobial activity of different hydroxyapatites; Atividade antimicrobiana de diferentes hidroxiapatitas.

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Centro de Ciencias da Natureza. Laboratorio Interdisciplinar de Materiais Avancados. Among the applications of ceramics in the technological context, hydroxyapatite HAp stands out in the scientific community due to chemical biocompatibility and molecular similarity to the structures of bone and dental tissues. Such features are added to the antimicrobial properties that this brings. This work aimed at the synthesis of hydroxyapatite by two different routes, hydrothermal HD HAp and co-precipitation CP HAp , as well as verification of the antimicrobial properties of these through direct contact of the powders synthesized tests with Staphylococcus aureus SA10 and Escherichia coli EC7 bacteria.

The inhibitory effect on SA10 is based on the hydrophilicity that the material possesses. Full Text Available Based on Erving Goffman's work, the article aims to discuss a definition of information centered on the type conveyed by individuals in a multimodal way, encompassing language and body in situations of co-presence, where face-to-face interaction occurs, and influencing inter-subjective formation of the self.

Six types of information are highlighted: It is argued that the construction of this empirical object tends to dissolve the tension among material, cognitive and pragmatic aspects, constituting an example of the necessary integration among them. Some vulnerable characteristics of the theory are critically mentioned and it is suggested that the concept of information displays could provide a platform to approach the question of the interaction order in its relations with the institutional and social orders, and consequently, to reassess the scope of the notion of social information analyzed.

Information is essential to all human activity, and information in electronic form both amplifies and augments human information interactions. This lecture surveys some of the different classical meanings of information , focuses on the ways that electronic technologies are affecting how we think about these senses of information , and introduces an emerging sense of information that has implications for how we work, play, and interact with others.

The evolutions of computers and electronic networks and people's uses and adaptations of these tools manifesting a dynamic space called cyberspace. Full Text Available This article reflects on the ways of appropriation in organizations. The notion of Information Myopia is characterized by the lack of knowledge about the available informational capabilities in organizations, revealing a narrow view of the information environment. This analysis has focused on the process for renewing the software licenses contracts of a large multinational group, in order to manage its organizational assets in information technology.

The collected, explained and justified information allowed to elaborate an action proposal, which enabled the creation of new organizational knowledge. In its theoretical dimension, the value of information was materialized by its use, in a collective process of organizational learning. The purpose of this article is to suggest a genealogy of the concept of information beyond the 20th century.

The article discusses how the concept of information culture might provide a way of formulating such a genealogic strategy. The article approaches this purpose by providing a general The findings of the article are situated in the thinking that a genealogy North West Zone need to identify the importance of. Full Text Available Contemporary and future cities are often labeled as "smart cities," "ubiquitous cities," "knowledge cities" and "creative cities.

Informational urbanism is an interdisciplinary endeavor incorporating on the one side computer science and information science and on the other side urbanism, architecture, city economics, and city sociology. In our research project on informational cities, we visited more than 40 metropolises and smaller towns all over the world. In this paper, we sketch the theoretical background on a journey from Max Weber to the Internet of Things, introduce our research methods, and describe main results on characteristics of informational cities as prototypical cities of the emerging knowledge society.

The paper also discusses some challenges faced in the teaching Informal payments are a frequently overlooked source of local public finance in developing countries. We use microdata from ten countries to establish stylized facts on the magnitude, form, and distributional implications of this " informal taxation. The wealthy pay more, but pay less in percentage terms, and informal taxes are more regressive than formal taxes.

Failing to include informal taxation underestimates household tax burdens and revenue decentralization in developing countries. We discuss various explanations for and implications of these observed stylized facts. Entre as cepas de E. IFIPTM Graduate Symposium; International audience; Information has been an essential element in the development of collaborative and cooperative models, from decision making to the attainmentof varying goals, people are adept at making judgment on the trustworthiness of information , based on knowledge and understanding of a normative model of information.

Contemporary narrative especially in high-impact contexts like politics, health, business, government and technology, is erodi The document summarizes the Information Circulars published by the IAEA for the purpose of bringing matters of general interest to the attention of all Member States. A complete list of information circulars in numerical order is given in an annex.

A complete numerical list of information circulars is reproduced with their titles in the Annex. The document summarizes the Information Circulars published by the IAEA for the purpose of bringing matters of general interest to the attention of all Members of the Agency. A complete numerical lift of Information Circulars with their titles is reproduced in an Annex.

This study investigated the effectiveness and impact of library instruction GST — the use of In usual quantum theory, the information available about a quantum system is defined in terms of the density matrix describing it on a spacelike surface. This definition must be generalized for extensions of quantum theory which neither require, nor always permit, a notion of state on a spacelike surface.

In particular, it must be generalized for the generalized quantum theories appropriate when spacetime geometry fluctuates quantum mechanically or when geometry is fixed but not foliable by spacelike surfaces. This paper introduces a four-dimensional notion of the information available about a quantum system's boundary conditions in the various sets of decohering, coarse-grained histories it may display. This spacetime notion of information coincides with the familiar one when quantum theory is formulable in terms of states on spacelike surfaces but generalizes this notion when it cannot be so formulated.

The idea of spacetime information is applied in several contexts: When spacetime geometry is fixed the information available through alternatives restricted to a fixed spacetime region is defined. The information available through histories of alternatives of general operators is compared to that obtained from the more limited coarse grainings of sum-over-histories quantum mechanics that refer only to coordinates. The definition of information is considered in generalized quantum theories. We consider as specific examples time-neutral quantum mechanics with initial and final conditions, quantum theories with nonunitary evolution, and the generalized quantum frameworks appropriate for quantum spacetime.

In such theories complete information about a quantum system is not necessarily available on any spacelike surface but must be searched for throughout spacetime.

The information loss commonly associated with the ''evolution of pure states into mixed states'' in black hole evaporation is thus not in conflict with the principles of generalized quantum mechanics. The Agency has a statutory mandate to foster 'the exchange of scientific and technical information on the peaceful uses of atomic energy'. The prime responsibility for this work within the Agency lies with the Division of Scientific and Technical Information , a part of the Department of Technical Operations. The Computer Section of the Division, which offers services to the Agency as a whole, provides resources for the automation of data storage and retrieval.

During the reception of a piece of information , we are never passive. Depending on its origin and content, from our personal beliefs and convictions, we bestow upon this piece of information , spontaneously or after reflection, a certain amount of confidence. Too much confidence shows a degree of naivety, whereas an absolute lack of it condemns us as being paranoid. These two attitudes are symmetrically detrimental, not only to the proper perception of this information but also to its use. Beyond these two extremes, each person generally adopts an intermediate position when faced with the recep.

How Informed Are Informal Educators? Explores current reforms in both mathematics and science education that emphasize the importance of learning in informal settings. Suggests that informal education must include planned and purposeful attempts to facilitate students' understanding of mathematics and science in community settings other than the local school. A fiduciary relationship should be nurtured between patient and physician. This requires effective communication throughout all aspects of care - especially pertaining to treatment decisions.

In the context of illness as experienced by the patient a unique set of circumstances is presented. However, communication in an illness context is fraught with problems. The patient is vulnerable and the situation may be overwhelming. Voluminous amounts of information are available to patients from a host of health care providers, family members, support groups, advocacy centers, books, journals, and the internet. Often conflicting and confusion, frequently complex, this information may be of greater burden than benefit.

Some information is of high validity and reliability while other information is of dubious reliability. The emotional freight of bad news may further inhibit understanding. An overload of information may pose an obstacle in decision-making. To facilitate the transformation of information into knowledge, the health care provider must act on some occasions as a filter, on other occasions as a conduit, and on still other occasions simply as a reservoir.

The evolution of patient rights to receive or refuse treatment, the right to know or not to know calls for a change in processing of overwhelming information in our modem era. In this paper we will discuss the difference between information and knowledge. How can health care providers ensure they have given their patients all necessary and sufficient information to make an autonomous decision?

How can they facilitate the transformation of information into knowledge?

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The effect of knowledge to consent allows a more focused, relevant and modern approach to choice in health care. An individual may search by PD M the Digital Library Users: Environmental Protection Agency — This is the supporting information for the journal article. This dataset is associated with the following publication: This dataset is associated with the following Institutions are consequently introducing information literacy programmes in their curricula in a bid to Brazil, Chile and Mexico Lau Lau reported that these initiatives rarely involve IL inclusion in curricula and are scattered As a supplement to the information published on The alterations become necessary force us to suspend the contomat service for a duration of one month.

From July 1st the services of counter will be offered in the building We ask you to excuse us for this interruption and thank you for your understanding. The document summarizes the information circulars published by the IAEA for the purpose of bringing matters of general interest to the attention of all Members of the Agency.

In the main body of the document only those documents which are regarded as likely to be of current interest are listed. A complete numerical list of information circulars with their titles is reproduced in the Annex. Progress in five programmatic areas are described in separate reports contained herein. A new research direction known as quantum information is a multidisciplinary subject which involves quantum mechanics, optics, information theory, programming, discrete mathematics, laser physics and spectroscopy, and depends heavily on contributions from such areas as quantum computing, quantum teleportation and quantum cryptography, decoherence studies, and single-molecule and impurity spectroscopy.

Some new results achieved in this rapidly growing field are discussed. Kilin, Sergei Ya [B. Information literacy is a concept which is well established in theory while in practice it is only slowly breaking ground in accordance with the understanding of its significance and the possibilities of its realisation.

Based on fundamental works, the characteristics of information literacy, its cognitive foundations and significance for individuals as well as for society, are argumented in the article. The goal of the Information Presentation Directed Research Project DRP is to address design questions related to the presentation of information to the crew. The major areas of work, or subtasks, within this DRP are: But even as it is increasingly recognized that R We propose a theory of informal innovation based on analyses of prior literature and mixed-method, multi-site studies of innovation at the working level of two extreme We propose that informal innovation occurs as 1 employees personally experience problems that they believe are not recognized or prioritized by superiors; 2 some employees are able to develop solutions, essentially at no cost; 3 innovators face no benefits from revealing to superiors, but can When Information Improves Information Security.

This paper presents a formal, quantitative evaluation of the impact of bounded-rational security decision-making subject to limited information and externalities. We further model three canonical types of negative externalities weakest-link, best shot and total effort , and study the impact of two information regimes on the threat level agents are facing. An information barrier IB consists of procedures and technology that prevent the release of sensitive information during a joint inspection of a sensitive nuclear item, and provides confidence that the measurement system into which it has been integrated functions exactly as designed and constructed.

Work in the U. This paper presents an overview of the efforts of this group, by its Chairs, as well as recommendations for further information barrier R and D. Progress on the demonstration of monitoring systems containing IBs is also provided. The host must be assured that his classified information is protected from disclosure to the inspecting party; and The inspecting party must be confident that the integrated inspection system measures, processes, and presents the radiation-signature-based measurement conclusion in an accurate and reproducible manner.

It is the position of the United States that in the absence of any agreement to share classified nuclear weapons design information in the conduct of an inspection regime, the requirement to protect host country classified warhead design information is paramount and admits no tradeoff versus the confidence provided to the inspecting party in the accuracy and reproducibility of the measurements.

These criteria have stood the test of time under intense. Newspaper librarians discussed the public use of their newspapers' libraries. Policies run the gamut from well-staffed public information services, within or outside the newspaper library, to no service at all to those outside the staff of the paper. Problems of dealing with tax and law enforcement agencies were covered, as well as cooperative….

Community involvement is key to the success of CBMS in reducing poverty. National Conference on Youth led to the. In environmental ethics, the precautionary principle states that parties should refrain from actions in the face of scientific uncertainties about serious or irreversible harm to public health or the environment. A similar principle is lacking when judging effects of information technology. To effectively use and exchange information among AI systems, a formal specification of the representation of their domain of discourse - called an ontology - is indispensable.

In this chapter we introduce a special kind of knowledge representation based on a dual view on the universe of discourse. Information security is all about the protection of digital assets, such as digital content, personal health records, state secrets etc. These assets can be handled by a party who is authorised to access and control the asset or a party who is not authorised to do so. Authorisation determines who is. Four research questions were posed in order to assess the Mac Arthur The research adopted survey method using questionnaire as instrument for data Information Management in Nigeria.

A list of the circulars that were current or on the press on 15 May is given, followed by an index to their subject matter. A list of the circulars that were current on 31 December is given, followed by an index to their subject matter. Flexible synthesis of isomeric pyranoindolones and evaluation of cytotoxicity towards HeLa cells. Here we are at the end of a series of public information meetings held in the Departments. We thank all those who came to find out about the subjects presented and to exchange ideas and opinions. All the positive feedback we have received shows how much you appreciate these meetings.

And well, so do we! The pedagogical-didactical paradigm comprises three distinct information ecologies, named after their intended outcome: The book provides a comprehensive introduction and a novel mathematical foundation of the field of information geometry with complete proofs and detailed background material on measure theory, Riemannian geometry and Banach space theory.

Parametrised measure models are defined as fundamental geometric objects, which can be both finite or infinite dimensional. Based on these models, canonical tensor fields are introduced and further studied, including the Fisher metric and the Amari-Chentsov tensor, and embeddings of statistical manifolds are investigated. Additionally, several new application fields of information geometry are highlighted, for instance hierarchical and graphical models, complexity theory, population genetics, or Markov Chain Monte Carlo.

The book will be of interest to mathematicians who are interested in geometry, inf Numerous articles on informed consent have appeared in medical and legal journals over the past few years. Many of these have been in the radiological literature. This chapter presents an overview of the legal principles behind this controversial topic. Recent articles are reviewed and specific suggestions are made where applicable.

The doctrine of informed consent is both a product of and the basis for the physician-patient relationship. Their communications to each other establish the relationship, but once established, heightened degrees of expectations on the patient's part have dictated the need for a more sophisticated level of communication. Since patients and physicians often expect different things of each other, it is imperative that the relationship leads to effective and respectful conversation.

A list of the circulars which were of current interest on 15 January is given below, followed by an index to their subject matter. Other circulars can be traced by reference to earlier issues of the present document. This division of labor is especially true for staff members who must develop expertise in particular The authors in this issue are Michaele Adam Bibliometrics 2. New publication forms in science, Ulrike Ostrzinski The four types of social media user in the academic and research community. Furthermore this focus issue features articles from Bruno Bauer: Introduction of the winners; Pioneer projects in medical libraries — Announcement and Franz J.

E- Government , www1. Additionally, ev military service transformation relies heavily on IT. An IT advantage is. Information services and information processing. Attempts made to design and extend space system capabilities are reported. Special attention was given to establishing user needs for information or services which might be provided by space systems.

Data given do not attempt to detail scientific, technical, or economic bases for the needs expressed by the users. Discusses how to teach students in primary and intermediate grades to record and organize information. Highlights include developing a research question; collaborative planning between teachers and library media specialists; consistency of data entry; and an example of a unit on animal migration based on an appropriate Web site.

We consider research and theory relevant to the notion of informal learning. Beginning with historical and definitional issues, we argue that learning happens not just in schools or in school-aged children. Many theorists have contrasted informal learning with formal learning. Moving beyond this dichotomy, and away from a focus on where learning occurs, we discuss five dimensions of informal learning that are drawn from the literature: We consider these dimensions in the context of four sample domains: Finally, we conclude by considering convergences and divergences across the different literatures and suggesting areas for future research.

During recent decades, natural resources agency personnel and others involved with the management and stewardship of wildlife have experienced an increasing need to access information and obtain technical assistance for addressing a diverse array of wildlife disease issues. This Chapter provides a broad overview of selected sources for obtaining supplemental information and technical assistance for addressing wildlife disease issues in North America.

Specifically, examples of existing major wildlife disease programs focusing on free-ranging wildlife populations are highlighted; training opportunities for enhancing within-agency wildlife disease response are identified; a selected reading list of wildlife disease references is provided; and selected Web sites providing timely information on wildlife disease are highlighted. No attempt is made to detail all the North American programs and capabilities that address disease in free-ranging wildlife populations.

Instead, this Chapter is focused on enhancing awareness of the types of capabilities that exist as potential sources for assistance and collaboration between wildlife conservation agency personnel and others in addressing wildlife disease issues. A subject index to the circulars is presented overleaf. Such circulars can be traced by reference to the indexes that were included in earlier revisions of the present document.